: 481 The CIA's Phoenix Program further degraded the VC's membership and capabilities. The VC sustained heavy losses during the Tet Offensive and subsequent U.S.-ARVN operations in the rest of 1968, losing over 50,000 men. The Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) expanded following a period of neglect after Tet and was modeled after U.S. domestic support for the war began fading. With the VC and PAVN mounting large-scale offensives in the Tet Offensive throughout 1968, U.S. North Vietnam was backed by China and the Soviet Union. also conducted a large-scale strategic bombing campaign against North Vietnam and Laos. and South Vietnam forces relied on air superiority and overwhelming firepower to conduct search and destroy operations, involving ground forces, artillery, and airstrikes. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, one of the principal architects of the war, began expressing doubts of victory by the end of 1966. Despite little progress, the United States continued a significant build-up of forces. The People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) (also known as the North Vietnamese Army or NVA) engaged in more conventional warfare with U.S. Johnson ordered the deployment of combat units for the first time and increased troop levels to 184,000. Johnson broad authority to increase American military presence in Vietnam. Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and gave President Lyndon B. destroyer was alleged to have clashed with North Vietnamese fast attack craft. In the Gulf of Tonkin incident in early August 1964, a U.S. : 131 By 1963, the North Vietnamese had sent 40,000 soldiers to fight in South Vietnam. Kennedy through the MAAG program, from just under a thousand military advisors in 1959 to 23,000 in 1964. involvement escalated under President John F. North Vietnam had also invaded Laos in the mid-1950s in support of insurgents, establishing the Ho Chi Minh Trail to supply and reinforce the Việt Cộng. The Việt Cộng (VC), also known as Front national de libération du Sud-Viêt Nam or NLF (the National Liberation Front), a South Vietnamese common front under the direction of North Vietnam, initiated a guerrilla war in the south.
After the French military withdrawal from Indochina in 1954, the US assumed financial and military support for the South Vietnamese state. The conflict emerged from the First Indochina War between the French colonial government and a left-wing revolutionary movement, the Viet Minh. involvement ending in 1973, and included the Laotian Civil War and the Cambodian Civil War, which ended with all three countries becoming communist states in 1975. The war, considered a Cold War-era proxy war by some, lasted almost 20 years, with direct U.S. North Vietnam was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist allies South Vietnam was supported by the United States, South Korea, the Philippines, Australia, Thailand, and other anti-communist allies. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. The Vietnam War ( Vietnamese: Chiến tranh Việt Nam), also known as the Second Indochina War, was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.
0 kommentar(er)
